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There is a close association between platelets, endothelium and the coagulation cascade:

  • released on activation, platelet factor 3 - PF3 - facilitates factor IXa, so enhancing the intrinsic pathway
  • PF3 facilitates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin directly
  • small amounts of coagulation factor are found within platelets e.g. V and XI, as well as fibrinogen
  • platelet plasma membranes have receptor sites for factors e.g. V and X, so localising the deposition of fibrin
  • damaged endothelium can trap and activate factors IX, X and V
  • normal endothelium prevents thrombosis by the production of mediators such as prostacyclin GI2, heparin and plasminogen activator

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