Branches

The descending aorta gives off a number of branches during its descent through the posterior mediastinum:

• bronchial arteries
• oesophageal arteries
• posterior intercostal arteries
• subcostal arteries
• mediastinal branches; run anteriorly to supply connective and lymphatic tissue within the mediastinum
• pericardial branches; several small branches which run anteriorly from the lower oesophagus to supply the posterior surface of the pericardial sac
• superior phrenic arteries:
  • several small branches arising just superior to the diaphragm
  • pass inferiorly to supply its posterior thoracic surface
  • anastomose with the musculophrenic and pericardiophrenic arteries

In addition, there may be a small branch termed the arteria aberrans.

The descending aorta is in continuity with the abdominal aorta throught the aortic hiatus.